Some Important Points of Botany

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Some Important Points of Botany

  • Thermodynamics:- Thermodynamics is the study of transformation that occurs in a collection of matter.
  • First law of thermodynamics:- Total amount of energy in the universe is constent. Energy can never be created nor destroyed. But it can change from one form to another.
  • Second law of thermodynamics:- Explains, Why the total amount of free energy is decling in the universe as whole. The law states the enrgy transfer or transformation of the energy makes the universe disordered. Some Energy is lost associated disorder of physical prosses or chemical reaction.
  • The term enzyme was coined by Kuhne 1878.
  • There are approximately 3000 enzymes present in a cell.
  • The molecular weight of enzymes ranges from 10,000 to more than 1,00,000 daltons.
  • A complete enzyme is called Holoenzyme.
  • Fisher suggested lock & key model for mechanism of enzyme action.
  • Koshland proposed Induced fit hypothesis for mechanims of enzym action.
  • Zymase was discovered by Buchner.
  • Enzymes useful hydrolysing fats & lipids are known as Esterases.
  • Building  blocks of ennzymes are Aminoacids.
  • Ribonucleic acid has catalytic and synthetic function.
  • Ribozyme was the name given to Ribonucleic acid of tetrahydmena thermophila (Protozoan). It is a non protein enzyme.
  •  Thomas Cech & Sydney Altmann were awarded nobel prize in 1989 for the discovery of Ribozyme.
  • The enzyme Urease was crystallised by Sumner.
  • Enzymes are synthesized on Ribosomes.
  • Most enzymes are active at pH 6.0-7.5.
  • Enzymes are thermolabile and at temperature 70 ̇C or above they are denatured.

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